An olive grove in biological production mode

Abstract

The main objectives of this work are: to observe the phenological stages of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.); to monitor the vegetative growth of current year branches; to study the influence of tree spacing and conduction system on the productivity (kg/ha) olive quality (fat percentage, olive oil acidity and moisture); and to monitor the realization of some agricultural techniques and identify the main weeds. All this has been studied in an olive grove in Organic Farming Mode. The results obtained led to the following conclusions: (1) the cultivar 'Galega Vulgar' in Organic Farming Mode adapted well to the characteristics of Beja's region; (2) in regard to tree spacing and conduction system, only spacing had a significant effect on the productivity of the olive grove. In the spacing of 5x5 m a productivity of 6075 kg/ha was obtained, which can be considered a good result considering that it is a dry land olive grove in Organic Farming Mode; (3) the cultivar 'Galega Vulgar' in Organic Farming Mode produces high quality olive oil in high quantities; (4) the agricultural techniques practiced (pruning; organic fertilization and weeds control between rows) guaranteed a good productivity of the olive grove and an improvement of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil; (5) the main weeds identified were Calendula arvensis L.; Chamaemelum fuscatum (Brot.); Foeniculum vulgare Mill.; Geranium molle L.; Oxalis pes-caprae L.; Raphanus raphanistrum L. and Sinapis arvensis L., and they are fundamental in the preservation of the auxiliary fauna; (6) Euphyllura olivina was found in the olive grove. This pest was countered with a mineral oil treatment.